Unit Testing:
Unit testing is a software testing technique that focuses on testing individual units or components of the software. The objective of unit testing is to ensure that each unit or component is functioning correctly and performing the tasks it was designed to do. Defects found at this level are typically related to coding errors or logical mistakes within a specific unit of code.
Example 1: Suppose there is a function in a piece of software that is designed to calculate the total amount of a customer's purchase. A unit test could be written to pass two input values (price and quantity of items) to the function and verify that the output is the correct total amount.
Example 2: Another example of unit testing is testing a login function that checks if the user's username and password are valid. A unit test could be written to pass the function a set of valid credentials and a set of invalid credentials and verify that the function behaves correctly in both cases.
Integration Testing:
Integration testing is a software testing technique that focuses on testing how different units or components of the software interact with each other. The goal of integration testing is to ensure that the software is functioning correctly as a whole and that the individual units or components are working together as intended. Defects found at this level are typically related to interfaces between the units or components.
Example 1: Consider a software system that consists of a backend database and a frontend application. An integration test could be written to verify that data entered through the frontend is correctly stored in the database and that data retrieved from the database is correctly displayed in the frontend.
Example 2: Another example of integration testing is testing the integration of a payment gateway into an e-commerce website. An integration test could be written to verify that when a customer submits an order, the payment gateway correctly processes the payment and updates the order status.
System Testing:
System testing is a software testing technique that focuses on testing the entire software system to ensure that it meets the specified requirements and quality standards. The objective of system testing is to identify defects that can only be found when the software is running as a complete system. Defects found at this level are typically related to the overall functionality, usability, and performance of the software system.
Example 1: Suppose a software system is designed to manage inventory for a retail store. A system test could be written to simulate a real-world scenario in which a large number of customers are purchasing items, and the system is expected to handle the load without any errors.
Example 2: Another example of system testing is testing a software system that is designed to control a manufacturing process. A system test could be written to simulate the entire process from start to finish and verify that the software correctly controls each step of the process.
Acceptance Testing:
Acceptance testing is a software testing technique that is performed to ensure that the software meets the customer's requirements and is ready for deployment. The objective of acceptance testing is to ensure that the software is user-friendly, functional, and meets the customer's needs. Defects found at this level are typically related to usability, functionality, and compliance with the customer's requirements.
Example 1: Suppose a customer has specified that a software system must be compatible with a specific operating system. An acceptance test could be written to verify that the software runs correctly on that operating system and meets all of the customer's other specified requirements.
Example 2: Another example of acceptance testing is testing a software system that is designed to generate financial reports for a business. An acceptance test could be written to verify that the reports generated by the software are accurate, easy to read, and meet the customer's requirements.
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